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Plant diversity and utilisation of rattan gardens – a contribution to participatory biodiversity conservation amongst the Benuaq tribe in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Summary

Study on rattan gardens (RGs) was conducted in Muara Bomboy village belonging to Benuaq tribe, in Kedang Pahu region, Damai subdistrict and Muara Asa (Tunjung region) Barong Tongkok subdistrict, West Kutai, East Kalimantan. Three main aspects of the studied were biodiversity within RGs, plant utilization, and plant-animal relationship based on local people knowledge, and the secondary aspect were management and economic. For vegetation study used the phytosociological method of Braun-Blanquet in the description of 12 types of RGs based on site, age and treatments. Plants were classified based on height layer and diameters into T1 (plant with height 10 m and over, and DBH 10 cm and more), T2 (plants with height between 1.5 m and 10 m), and T3 (plant with height below 1.5 m). Study on plant uses, plants-animals relationship and management aspect used interview methods. Rattan cultivation was conducted by local people traditionally in Benuaq and Tunjung region. They have a long experience dealing with rattan cultivation management and techniques.
RGs contain many various species of natural plants. Within a total of 6 ha of sample plots for T1 layer, 2.16 ha sample plots for T2 layer, and 0.96 ha sample plots for T3 layer were found 802 plant species, which were consisted of trees and non-tree species.RGs in Muara Bomboy consist of two main sites namely alluvial RGs and terrestrial RGs. Alluvial RGs consisted of 2 communities (Artocarpus teysmanii, and Eugenia napiformis), belonging to 2 types (Vatica rassak, and Desmos chinensis) and 2 subtypes (Desmos chinensis, and Actinodaphne tomentosa). Terrestrial RGs consisted 3 communities (Actinodaphne tomentosa, Macaranga gigantea, and Gigantochloa hasskarliana) 2 types (Indorouchera griffithiana, and Stachypphrinium), and 6 subtypes (Parkia speciosa, Indorouchera griffithiana, Calamus ornatus, Erycibe borneensis, Pongamia pinnata, and Achasma macocheilos).Rural people use many species of plants for their daily life. Six ha of RGs sample plots contained 289 plants species that can be used for building materials, 230 species for firewood, 146 species for medicinal plants, 168 species for tool, and 121 species for rituals ceremony, 61 species for food, 38 species for pest control, 19 species for cash income, 6 species as honeybee trees, and 25 species for other products.
Forest-like structures and high numbers of plant species provide food and habitat for wild animals. The stay or come temporally looking for fruit, leaves, and other plant parts for their diet. RGs contained 157 species of plant as food source of ground mammals, 109 species for monkey food sources, 60 plant species as food sources of squirrels, 242 plant species as bird food sources, and 45 species of plants as fish food sources. RGs also contained many species of trees that can be harvested as timber . (trees with DBH≥ 10 cm) with an average of 110 m3 timber potential per ha and terrestrial RGs contained an average of 119.1m3 potential timber per ha. The average potential economic value was Rp 5,635,000.00 or E 678.92 per ha in alluvial RGs. In terrestrial RGs the average value was Rp 5,800,875.00 per ha (E 698.9) based on the West Kutai Regional Forest Service standard price.

 

Supervisor:          Prof. Dr. Albert Reif
Researcher:
        Paulus Matius (Dissertation, Oktober 2003)

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